AI Study GuruUnderstand the idea
Acids taste sour and turn blue litmus red; common examples are lemon juice and dilute hydrochloric acid. Bases feel soapy and turn red litmus blue; soap solution and baking soda solution are everyday bases. The pH scale runs from 0 to 14: below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral like pure water, and above 7 is basic. When an acid and a base mix in the right amounts, neutralisation produces a salt plus water, and the solution moves toward pH 7. Indicators such as litmus, phenolphthalein and universal indicator reveal acidity through colour change.
See a worked example
Lemon juice with pH near 2 turns blue litmus red. Soap solution near pH 10 turns red litmus blue. Mixing dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide solution gives common salt plus water. Rain with pH 5.6 is mildly acidic because dissolved carbon dioxide forms a weak acid.
A useful check
Do not judge strength by taste or touch in the lab; use indicators and pH paper. Also, a higher pH means more basic, not more acidic: pH 12 is strongly basic while pH 2 is strongly acidic. Neutralisation gives exactly pH 7 only when the amounts balance.
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